Reading note II · The translations
Which English translation of Journey to the West should you read?
西遊記英譯
Three answers, because the English Journey to the West is three different books. A witty abridgement a novelist made in wartime, a complete plain telling from Beijing, and a complete annotated edition from Chicago — and the choice between them is really a choice of what you want the book to be.
The three, side by side 三種
| Translator | What it is | What it keeps, what it drops |
|---|---|---|
| Arthur Waley, Monkey (1942) | An abridgement of roughly 30 chapters | The comedy entire, and Waley's own wit; drops most of the verse, the allegory and the later pilgrims'-share of the plot. |
| W. J. F. Jenner (1982–86) | Complete, 100 chapters, four volumes | The whole story in clean modern English; the poems are carried but slimmed, and the apparatus is minimal. |
| Anthony C. Yu (1977–83, rev. 2012) | Complete, 100 chapters, four volumes | Everything: verse, doctrinal notes, source essays, and the argument that the allegory is the novel. |
How to choose 選法
If you want to meet the monkey and decide later, read Waley — a couple of sittings, and the invention of the English title Monkey is itself part of the book's afterlife. If you have decided and want the road, all hundred chapters, the demons in order, read Jenner: it is the honest full text at its most frictionless. If you want to know why a given episode is shaped the way it is — what the scripture is, what the numbers mean, which chapter titles are doctrinal jokes — read Yu, whose edition is as much a study of the novel as a translation of it.
One honest caution: Waley's Monkey is the one most other English references quote, so readers who start there keep meeting their own first book everywhere. That is an argument for starting there; it is also an argument for knowing it is only the first thirty of a hundred chapters.
The characterisations of the three translations follow the publication histories summarized in the source below; the choosing paragraph is this site's.